One of Shakespeare’s most
famous plays, a title that almost everyone can recognize, is his masterpiece
known as Hamlet. It is a story
full of revenge, plotting, spying, and murder.
The characters are well thought out, have their own sets of motives and
convictions, and are strong enough to carry the story to a climactic finale. However, there is one character that does not
appear very often in the play, yet is the focal point of a major piece of controversy. The ghost of Hamlet’s murdered father only
appears in four out of the twenty scenes in the play, always carrying omens of
evildoing, whether translated by tongue or by deed. But when the ghost’s words and actions are thoroughly
examined, questions arise as to its true intentions. Is the ghost what he claims to be, the spirit
of Hamlet’s father seeking revenge for his unjust murder, or could he be a
messenger from hell, sent to wreak havoc in the kingdom of Denmark?
One reason given in the play
that could provide insight into the origin of the ghost is his own words from
Act I, Scene V when he says, “I am thy father's spirit, doom'd for a certain
term to walk the night, and for the day confined to fast in fires, till the
foul crimes done in my days of nature are burnt and purged away. But that I am
forbid to tell the secrets of my prison-house, I could a tale unfold whose
lightest word would harrow up thy soul, freeze thy young blood, make thy two
eyes, like stars, start from their spheres, thy knotted and combined locks to
part and each particular hair to stand on end, like quills upon the fretful
porpentine: but this eternal blazon must not be to ears of flesh and blood.” These words can be translated in two
different ways. “Confined to fast in
fires” could refer to Purgatory, which is where the Catholics believe the soul
of dead Christians go before Heaven to have their evil deeds purged from them
before entering into the presence of God.
However, there is another destination in eternity that is believed in by
all denominations of Christianity and contains torturous fires. It is hell.
In Revelation the Bible describes this place as “the fiery lake of
burning sulfur… the second death.” In
addition, the ghost says that, “I am forbid to tell the secrets of my
prison-house, I could a tale unfold whose lightest word would harrow up thy soul,
freeze thy young blood, make thy two eyes, like stars, start from their
spheres, thy knotted and combined locks to part and each particular hair to
stand on end, like quills upon the fretful porpentine: but this eternal blazon
must not be to ears of flesh and blood.”
This seems to align with Matthew 13:50, which says “and throw them into
the fiery furnace, where there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth.” The terrors of hell are too much for humans
to comprehend, just like the glory of God is too great for us to look
upon. So it would seem that even the
ghost’s own words reveal him for what he might be.
Another piece of evidence
that the ghost might have been a spirit of hell is the actual message that he
delivers. When telling Hamlet its tale
in Act I he says, “Revenge his foul and most unnatural murder.” The ghost is telling the young prince to take
revenge for his father, murder his uncle in return, and take back the
throne. This might seem like wise
counsel until Romans 12:19 is brought into play, “Beloved, never avenge
yourselves, but leave it to the wrath of God, for it is written, ‘Vengeance is
mine, I will repay, says the Lord.’” Man
is not responsible for getting even, since the Lord will handle evildoers in
His own time. When people seek revenge
on their own, it creates a cycle of getting even, which will continue until either
one of two things happens. Someone
breaks the chain and gives up their claim to revenge, or death takes one or all
of the participants. But the ghost is
promoting the practice of seeking recompense alone and without waiting for God
to handle it in his might and righteousness.
Supposing he really was a ghost that was waiting in purgatory, why would
he be purposefully countering the teachings of God Himself?
Now that these two examples
have been evaluated, an explanation must be given. Some would say that the play could have taken
place in Denmark at a time when Christianity had not been introduced into their
world. There are many ways to rebut this
argument, but there is only one relevant to the points given. If Denmark in the play had not been given the
Gospel, they would not have known about the passage relating to the Lord taking
on the responsibility of vengeance.
However, this would also mean that they would not have the Bible from
which to form the theory that there is a purgatory between death and
Heaven. So therefore, if they had not
Bible, they would not know about purgatory.
But if they did have the Bible, they would know that vengeance belongs
to the Lord. This means that the ghost can
be seen as a messenger from purgatory that was rejecting the teachings of
Christianity, or the ghost was a demon from hell, promoting actions that it
knew would tear the kingdom down to ruins.
It is fun to think about
what would have happened if Hamlet had recognized the “ghost” for what he
really was, a servant of the Devil, and had not followed its instructions. Much might have turned out differently. Many of the characters that died might have
lived, Hamlet might have one day married Ophelia, and the kingdom might have
flourished rather than fallen to a foreign nation. On the other hand, things might have turned
out almost as badly. Claudius would have
still ruled from a stolen throne, Hamlet would have been sent away, and any
number of other possibilities. However,
one thing is for sure: the “ghost” was not what it claimed to be. It was an emissary of evil, sent to tempt
Hamlet and ensure the destruction of Danish society. Hamlet was fooled and the messenger from hell
succeeded in his mission.